List (ls)
ls [options] [paths]
Switch | Description |
-1 | One entry per line |
-l | Long view |
-o | Long view (without groups) |
-C | Multicolumn (sorted horizontally) |
-x | Multicolumn (sorted vertically) |
-F | Add / after directories |
-G | Color |
Options
-R | Recurse |
-a | Include hidden (dotfiles) |
-A | Include hidden (but not . and ..) |
Sorting
Switch | Description |
-r | reverse order |
-S | sort by size |
-t | sort by time modified |
-u | sort by time accessed |
-U | sort by time created |
-c | sort by time status was changed |
-h | Human-readable size (3k) |
Tail
tail [-F | -f | -r] [-bN | -cN | -nN] [file ...]
Modes
-f | follow |
-F | follow by filename (accounts for log rotation) |
-r | Reverse order |
Options
-bN | N*512 bytes |
-cN | N bytes |
-nN | N lines |
+N | Start from line N |
Sudo
sudo [options] <command>
Listing
Options
-A | Use $SUDO_ASKPASS |
-b | Run in background |
-E | Preserve environment |
-H | use target’s $HOME |
-n | Don’t prompt for password |
-P | Preserve group vector |
-S | Read password from stdin |
File descriptors
-C fd | Close all open file descriptors |
Prompt
-p prompt | Custom prompt (-p “%p password:”) |
Interactive
Switch | Description |
-i [cmd] | Interactive shell without variables |
-s [cmd] | Interactive shell |
-u user | run as this user |
-g group | run as this group |
Timestamp
-v | revalidate timestamp for 5 mins |
-k | invalidate timestamp |
-K | just like -k |
wc (Word count)
... | wc [options]
-c | Bytes |
-l | Lines |
-m | Characters (incl multi-byte) |
-w | Words |
Search-and-replace in all files
perl -p -i -e 's/hello/HELLO/g' **/*
Grep
grep [options] [pattern] [file ...]
Options
Switch | Description |
-A num | Print num lines of training context |
-G | –basic-regexp (default) |
-E | –extended-regexp |
-P | –perl-regexp |
-f file | –file (Get patterns for file) |
-F | –fixed-strings |
-h | –no-filename |
-H | –with-filename |
-l | –files-with-matches (just print filenames) |
-L | –files-without-match |
-r, -R | –recursive |
-v | –invert-match |
-i | –ignore-case |
Synonyms
egrep => grep -E
fgrep => grep -F